​彭博社​：中国计划推出自己的数字货币，全球比特币爱好者要颤抖了 ...

China’s Plan to Sideline Bitcoin
中国计划清退比特币
来源：彭博社 翻译：世界播
Beijing has accumulated dozens of blockchain patents. Crypto fans won’t like what comes next.
北京已经收集了数十项区块链专利。接下来的事情或许是数字货币爱好者们不想看到的。

When Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin to the world in 2008, he or she or they (the mystery endures) pitched it as a way to end the power of central authorities in finance. Ten years on, the Chinese government is adapting the ideas behind Bitcoin to do the exact opposite.
当中本聪在2008年向世界介绍比特币时，他(或她)(谜团一直存在)把比特币作为终结中央在金融权威的一种方式。十年过去了，中国政府正在调整比特币背后的理念，并用该理念来加强中央对金融的掌控。
The People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, plans to introduce a digital currency of its own. But unlike the decentralized blockchain-based offerings, this one could give Beijing more control over its financial system. It would enhance the PBOC’s ability to root out risks and crack down on money laundering. It could also give the government an unprecedented window into individuals’ private lives.
中国央行-中国人民银行(PBoC)计划推出自己的数字货币。但与分散的基于区块链的产品不同，这次发行可以让中国政府更好地控制其金融体系。这将提高中国人民银行消除风险和打击洗钱的能力。这也为政府提供了一个前所未有的了解个人私生活的窗口。
The currency would initially replace cash, PBOC Deputy Governor Fan Yifei wrote in an article earlier this year. According to patents registered by the central bank, consumers and businesses would download a mobile wallet and swap their yuan for the digital money, which they could use to make and receive payments. Crucially, the PBOC could also track every time money changes hands. Fan suggested in his article that banks would need to submit daily information on transactions and that there would be caps on transactions by individuals. The PBOC declined to comment.
中国人民银行副行长范一飞今年早些时候在一篇文章中写道，数字货币最初将取代现金。根据中央银行登记的专利，消费者和企业将下载一个移动钱包，并将他们的人民币兑换成数字货币，他们可以用这些钱进行支付和接收付款。至关重要的是，中国人民银行还可以跟踪每次资金易手的情况。范在他的文章中建议，银行需要提交有关交易的日常信息，并对个人的交易设置上限。中国人民银行拒绝置评。
The project was started by the former governor of China’s central bank, Zhou Xiaochuan, who retired in March. He decided to develop the digital currency in part to protect China from having to adopt a technology standard, like Bitcoin, designed and controlled by others. China banned cryptocurrency exchanges and initial coin offerings last year.
该项目由中国央行前行长周小川启动，周小川于今年3月退休。他决定开发这种数字货币，一定程度上是为了保护中国不需要采用其他国家设计和控制的比特币等技术标准。中国去年禁止密码货币兑换和首次发行硬币。
Since 2016 the PBOC’s software developers have registered 78 digital currency patents, according to a Bloomberg News tally of Chinese intellectual-property filings. As of August, the bank had 44 blockchain-related patents, ranking fifth in the world, according to the Chinese trade publication IPRdaily.
根据彭博新闻社公布的中国知识产权申报数据，自2016年以来，中国人民银行的软件开发商已注册了78项数字货币专利。根据中国贸易出版物知识产权日报的数据，截至8月份，该银行拥有44项与区块链相关的专利，在全球排名第五。
If China’s leaders sign off on the currency, its introduction will likely be gradual. Early adopters would be barred from using it on investment products, a person familiar with the central bank’s plans says, which would make the impact on monetary policy negligible.
如果中国领导人不同意采用这种货币，那么数字货币的引入很可能是渐进的。一位熟悉央行计划的人士表示，早期采用者将被禁止将其用于投资产品，这将使其对货币政策的影响微乎其微。
Yet PBOC patent applications suggest the central bank might eventually go way past tracking everyday transactions. Filings made public in October describe a currency that would require banks making loans to input details about borrowers and interest rates before funds could be transferred. Banks attempting to lend to companies blacklisted by the government would be automatically prevented from doing so. The patents don’t mention denying loans to individuals, but critics worry such technology could also be used to punish political dissidents.
然而，中国人民银行的专利申请表明，中国央行最终可能会超越跟踪日常交易。10月份公布的文件描述了一种货币，该货币将要求贷款银行在资金转移之前输入有关借款人和利率的详细信息。试图向被政府列入黑名单的公司放贷的银行将自动被阻止这样做。专利没有提到拒绝向个人发放贷款，但批评人士担心这种技术也可能被用来惩罚持不同政见者。
The PBOC may still be working some of these details out for itself: The central bank posted six job openings at its Digital Currency Institute in Beijing in October, seeking candidates with expertise in everything from software and encryption to law and economic research.
中国人民银行可能仍在自行解决其中一些细节：中国央行10月份在其位于北京的数字货币研究所开放了6个职位空缺，寻找在软件、加密、法律和经济研究等领域具有专业知识的候选人。